翻译与理论实践第二章.doc

English-Chinese Translation Lecture Three：Chapter 2 Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese 【】 To let Ss know about the general features and differences between Chinese and English 2. To direct Ss into Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese: 10 pairs of features 【eaching Contents】 Part 1 Synthetic vs. Analytic 2. Part 2 Rigid vs. Supple 3. Part 3 Concrete vs. Abstract 4. Part 4 Impersonal vs. Personal 5.Part 5 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic 6.Part 6 Homework 【】 【】 An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms. 不用形态变化，而用词序及虚词变化来表达语法关系。 Reference reading：连淑能《英汉对比研究》 Part 2 Rigid vs. Supple 刚性与柔性 English: rigid S-V concord （主谓协调一致）： five basic patterns: SV, SVP, SVO, SVoO, and SVOC. Chinese: Free and flexible structure E.g. 文章翻译完了。（受事主语） The essay has been translated. 全市到处在兴建新工厂。 （地点主语） New factories are being built all over the city. 现在正下着毛毛细雨。 （时间主语） It is drizzling at the moment. 累得我站不起来了。（无主句） I am so exhausted that I can’t stand up. The predicate of a Chinese sentence is so varied and complicated: 天高云淡。（形容词作谓语） The sky is high and the clouds are pale. 他出国留学去了。 （连动式谓语） He has gone abroad for further studies. 我介绍他加入协会。 （兼语式谓语） I recommended him for membership of the association. 这项合同经理要签名。 (主谓词组作谓语) This contract should be signed by the manager. Part 3 Concrete vs. Abstract Chinese (Confucian Culture ) : Human beings as the center, full of humanism concrete, specific words Westerners (Christian Culture ):Objects as the important part abstract diction and nominalization 西方人的思维:更加注重客观思维 中国人主观思维，强调人与自然的和谐。 Concrete vs. Abstract 1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。 2. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。 Concrete vs. Abstr