词汇学 同义词.pptx

Chapter 7sense relations between words英译2班徐博书韩露露马蓉何金梦Lead-in remarksConsider the semantic relation in each pair as below. food – meat (inclusion) word formation – word building (similarity / sameness) short – long (oppositeness) right – write (same sound yet different spelling and meaning)HI DESIGN02hyponymySemantic field（语义场理论）antonymsynonymyDefinition of synonymySynonymy is traditionally defined as words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning 1.polysemic words 一词多义 A polysemic word couldn’t have the same synonymous word for all its meanings. E.g. headHe has a good head for history.aptitude ,talentTo use one’s head mind, imaginationIt cost him his head lifeHeadline ,headgear topHeadlight, headwind frontHI DESIGN02Definition of synonymySynonymy is traditionally defined as words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning 2. Only the denotative meaning can be said to be identical or similarE.g.statement politician (different affective meaning) adult (formal)grown-up (colloquial)(different stylist meaning)Words maybe similar in denotation but usually differ in connotative, stylistic or affective meaning. HI DESIGN02Definition of synonymyA word having the same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning and differing only in connotation, application or idiomatic use: one of two or more words having essentially identical definitions. Kinds of synonymsThere are two kinds of synonyms: Absolute (complete or perfect) synonyms 绝对同义词 Relative synonyms 相对同义词1.Complete synonymsRare, but exist; usually scientific terms. word-formation---word-buildingcompounding---compositionbreathed consonant---voiceless consonantWords which are identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings. Such words are rare.042.Relative synonymswords that are similar