化学 氧化态相关知识（Knowledge of chemical oxidation state）.doc

化学 氧化态相关知识（Knowledge of chemical oxidation state） Edit this section oxidation state definition Oxidation State represents the degree of Oxidation of an atom in a compound. The form oxidation state is calculated by assuming all the heteronuclear bonds are 100% ionic bonds. The oxidation state is expressed in Arabic numerically, which can be positive, negative or zero. The oxidation state is called oxidation and reduction is called reduction. These two processes involve the form of electron transfer, that is, in general, reduction is the process of gaining electrons, while oxidation is the process of losing electrons. IUPAC definition of oxidation state is: [1] oxidation state: a measure of how an atom in chemical oxidation. According to the following rules can be recognized as the atomic charge: (1) calculate the elemental oxidation state is zero; (2) for a single atomic ions, the oxidation state of the atom equals the net charge ions; (3) most of the compounds, the oxidation state of hydrogen is 1, the oxygen oxidation state was 2. (exception: active metal hydrides, the oxidation state of hydrogen to 1; peroxide, oxygen oxidation state to 1), (4) the neutral molecules in each atom oxidation state of algebra and zero; ion of the atomic ion and oxidation state algebra and equal charge. For example, H2S, S8 (elemental sulfur), SO2, SO3 and - H2SO4, the oxidation state of sulfur atom is respectively: - 2, 0, + 4, + 6 and + 6. The higher the oxidation state of the atom, the higher the degree of oxidation; a lower oxidation state of atom, the higher the degree of reduction. Edit this section of the calculation method The calculation of form oxidation state There are two ways to calculate the oxidation state of an atom in a compound. The first method is applicable to molecules with lewis structures, usually organic molecules; And the second method doesnt need lewis structure, it doesnt have to be molecules, its for simpler compounds. It should be noted that an atomic oxida