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英语语法之动词时态与语态.doc

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英语语法专题讲解——动词时态与语态动词的时态英语中不同时间发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间的动词形式称作动词时态。时间主要有四个主要部分,即现在、过去、将来和过去将来。动作也有四种,即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。中学课本中时态:He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Practice makes perfect. 注意事项: 1.表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 2.在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时。如: If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. When I have enough money, I shall travel around the world. 3.在make sure (certain), mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. Please make sure that you turn off the light after you leave the house. 4.在the+比较级…,the+比较级… 的句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 二、 一般过去时(did) 表示在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或表示过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; just now; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; a few days ago等等。如: Where did you go just now? When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 注意事项: 1. used to + do表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作,to为不定式,后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于… He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 2. 在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。 He said he would buy me a computer if he got a raise. 三、 一般将来时 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和tomorrow, next year, in 2046等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达6种。 1)用shall/will do表示 (shall用于第一人称,will用于各人称) 如: The rain will stop soon. Shall we go there at five? 2)用be going to do表示。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, it is going to rain. 3)用be to do表示,指按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4)用be about to do表示,意为马上做某事。例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.  注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 5)用现在进行时表示。常见动词为表示位置转移的动词如:go, come, leave, start, arriv
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