新编英语语法教程19.不定式(一).ppt

Infinitive (I) 英语动词：限定动词和非限定动词，也叫动词的限定形式和非限定形式。两者间最重要的区别在于限定动词有时的标记，非限定动词没有。 例：teach 限定形式： teaches (现在时) teached (过去时) 非限定形式： to teach(不定式) teaching (ing分词) teached (ed分词) 1. 不定式的一般形式、进行体和完成体形式 不定式没有时的标记，但有体和态的变化 体：不定式一般形式( to do ) 进行体形式( to be doing ) 完成体形式( to have done) 完成进行体形式(to have been doing) 态：主动态(to do) 被动态(to be done) 完成被动态(to have been done) 5. 带to 不定式与不带to 不定式 不定式通常带to, 在某些固定搭配中不带to, 在另外一些搭配中带to 不带to 均可。 1）在情态助动词之后 must, can, may, need, dare…. +动词原形 need, dare作情态助动词跟不带to 不定式； 作主动词跟带to 不定式 我们必须更加努力学习。We need work harder. 你不必这么大声讲话。You neednt talk so loud. 你非得走这么快吗？ Need you walk so quickly? We need to work harder. You don’t need to talk so loud. Do you need to walk so quickly? 她不敢做那件事。 She dare not do it. She doesn’t dare to do it. 2）在半助动词之后 半助动词：介于主动词和助动词( can, may, must ,will ,should)之间的词类，本身带有词义. 如, be about to, have to, had better 你肯定能成功。 You are sure/ certain/ bound /likely to succeed. 我在街上碰巧被老师碰到了。 I happen to be met in the street by my T. 3）在情态成语之后 would rather/sooner/as soon (宁愿)； may/ might as well (不妨，可以)；cannot (help) but (不能不，不由得不) would rather/sooner/as soon do … than/ as do … 他宁死不投降。 He would rather die than surrender. 他宁愿呆在家里，也不愿去看电影。 He would sooner stay at home as go to the cinema. 4）在rather than / sooner than 之后 “宁可(主句)…而不(从句)…” rather than / sooner than在句首时，带省to 不定式 rather than / sooner than在句中时, 带或不带to均可 他宁愿写信，也不愿发电子邮件。 Rather than send an e-mail, he wrote a letter. He wrote a letter rather than (to) send an e-mail. 5）在主动词+ 主动词 固定搭配的第一主动词之 后，即第二主动词不带to make believe (假装)；hear tell of (听说)； make do with/ on (凑合，将就) 6）在使役动词+ 宾语之后，用不带 to不定式 let, make, have do , 但在被动态中，转为 带to 不定式 我要他在公园门口等我。 I make him wait for me at the gate of the park. He was made to wait for me at the gate of the park. 7）在感觉动词+宾语之后，不带to