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初三英语语法复习之动词不定式详细分解.doc

发布:2016-12-01约1.44万字共8页下载文档
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动词不定式 一. 重点难点精讲 动词不定式是一种非限定动词,分为带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词,不受主语的人称和数的限制,但它具有动词的特点:可以有自己的宾语和状语,既有一般式,又有进行式、完成式及被动语态的变化。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not,如:to make的否定形式为not to make。 (一) 作主语 To say something is one thing;to do is another thing. 说是一回事,做是另一回事。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式要放在后面。例如: It is great fun to swim in the river in summer. (=To swim in the river in summer is great fun.)夏天在河里游泳真是乐事。(二) 作表语 My dream is to become a scientist. 我的理想是当一各科学家。 Her job is to look after the sick children. 她的工作是照看那些生病的孩子。(三) 作宾语 不定式作宾语的情况较多,而且又是中考考查的重点。许多及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有:agree(同意), want(想要), decide(决定),hope(希望), like(喜欢), learn(学习), try(试图), wish(希望), begin(开始), start(开始)等。例如: I am learning to drive a car. 我在学开汽车。 注意: 1.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而不定式则放在宾语补足语后。例如: I find it pleasant to work with her. 我发现和她一起工作很愉快。 Many students may find it difficult to learn English well. 2.有些动词后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语,意思基本上没有区别。这些动词包括:begin, start, love, like, hate, dislike等。 The sun began setting (to set) in the west. 夕阳西下。 3.在有些动词后面加动词不定式和动名词则有本质上的区别。这些动词包括:stop(停止),forget(忘记), remember(记得), try(试), go on(继续)等。例如: (1)stop to do sth. 停下来做另外一件事。例如: He stopped to talk with me. 他停下来和我交谈。 stop doing sth. 停止(正在)做某事。例如: He stopped talking with me. 他停止和我交谈。 (2)forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave the room. 离开房间时别忘了关灯。 He forgot turning off the light when he left the room. 他忘了离开房间时已经关灯这事。 (3) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住已经做过某事 (4)try to do sth. 尽力做事; try doing sth. 试着做某事。例如: He tried to explain the text more carefully to his students. 他尽力在给学生讲解课文时更仔细点。 (5) go on to do sth. 接着做另外一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 Go on the other exercises after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with (四) 作宾语补足语 “动词+名词(代词)+不定式”结构:常见的动词有:allow(允许), ask(要求), invite(邀请),teach(教), tell(告诉), want(想要)等。例如: I want you to tell me the story. 我要你把事情告诉我。 My parents don’t allow me to go out alone. 我父亲
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