经济地理学：理论和实证文献的回顾.pdf

CEP Discussion Paper No 904 January 2009 Economic Geography: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature Stephen J. Redding Abstract This paper reviews the new economic geography literature, which accounts for the uneven distribution of economic activity across space in terms of a combination of love of variety preferences, increasing returns to scale and transport costs. After outlining the canonical core and periphery model, the paper examines the empirical evidence on three of its central predictions: the role of market access in determining factor prices, the related home market effect in which demand has a more than proportionate effect on production, and the potential existence of multiple equilibria. In reviewing the evidence, we highlight issues of measurement and identification, alternative potential explanations, and remaining areas for further research. Keywords: New economic geography, market access, home market effect, multiple equilibria JEL Classifications: F12, F14, O10 This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Globalisation Programme. The Centre for Economic Performance is financed by the Economic and Social Research Council. Acknowledgements This paper is produced as part of the Globalization Programme of the ESRC-funded Centre for Economic Performance. Financial support under the European Union Research Training Network grant MRTN-CT- 2006- 035873 is gratefully acknowledged. I am grateful to a number of co-authors and colleagues for insight, discussion and helpful comments, including in particular Tony Venables and also Gilles Duranton, Guy Michaels, Henry Overman, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, Peter Schott, Daniel Sturm and Nikolaus Wolf. I am also grateful to Kitjawat Tacharoen for excellent res