英语常见修辞手法.doc

Metaphor隐喻、暗喻 A metaphor is a literary figure of speech that uses an image, story or tangible thing to represent a less tangible thing or some intangible quality or idea; e.g., Her eyes were glistening jewels. Metaphors are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most are similar in one important way. A metaphor is more forceful (active) than an analogy, because metaphor asserts two things are the same, whereas analogy implies a difference; A…B with signal words of： Like, not unlike, as, as if, as it were, may be compared to, similar to… ——simile(明喻) A…B with signal words of: Be(is), or no signal words——metaphor synecdoche 即提喻a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。（以人体的局部代全体，即以faces 表示people） 　　2.Have you any coppers?你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币） 3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。（以部分代全体，即roo屋顶，表示house屋子、住宅）Climax）运用这种修辞手法，能够使要表达的思想加深，感情逐步强化，因而能够增强语言的说服力和感染力1、 以程度的深浅，语意的轻重的顺序来排列语句 　　I am sorry, I am so very sorry, I am so extremely sorry. I admire her, I love her, I need her. 　　When we heard the good news, we clapped their hands, sang and danced and jumped for joy. 　　2、 以范围的大小顺序来排列语句 　　He wanted to educate his children, serve this country, and satisfy his God. 　　He gazed upon the pretty houses, green hills and the broad Pacific. 　　3、 以时间的先后顺序来排列语句 They came, they played, they conquered. 　　The prisoner was first questioned, then tortured, and finally shot.Synesis 单词的搭配符合逻辑，但不符合语法，比如例句中的anyone 和them。 If anyone calls, tell them I am out. Litotes(曲意) 利用否定的形式，表达肯定的意思，比如例句中的not healthy 相当于dangerous. War is not healthy for children and other living things. Alliteration(押头韵) 一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以L开头的单词。 Let us go forth to lead the land we love. Metonymy(换喻) 用一个单词代替另外一个在概念上有关联的单词，比如例句中的sword，用来代替war。 The pen is mightier than the sword. Paradox(佯谬) 似是而非、或者似非而是的表达，比如例句中关于youth的看法。 What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young. Parallelism(排比) 由三个或三个以上结构相同或相似、内容相关、证据一致的短语或句子排列在一起，用来加强语势强调内容，加重感