英语与语法独立主格结构.doc

英语语法专题 独立主格结构 一、“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。 二、 “独立主格结构”非限定状语从句。多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等在句中状语1.作时间状语 Spring coming on, the trees turn green. The meeting over, everyone talked about its positive result. ?2.作条件状语 Weather permitting，they will go on a picnic tomorrow． 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 Everything taken into consideration，this plan seems to be workable． 如果从各方面考虑，该方案似乎可行。 ?3.作原因状语 The earthquake having destroyed their home, they had to live in a tent. 因为地震把他们的家摧毁了，他们只能住在帐篷里。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 4.作伴随状语或补充说明 He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head). 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后We doubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the 他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。?独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成：第一部分有名词或代词担任，第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。按其结构形式分为：—ing 分词独立主格结构；—ed分词独立主格结构；无动词独立主格结构等。(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）　 ?1. 名词(代词)+现在分词—ing Time permitting, I will go to see you。 如果时间允许，我就去看你。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 ?2. 名词(代词)+过去分词—ed The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完后，同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。 He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.?? 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 ?3. 名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 The last guest to arrive, our party will start. 最后一名客人到后，我们的晚会就开始。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.? 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 ?4. 名词(代词)+形容词 The closes dirty, you must wash it soon。 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。 ?5. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。 ?6. 名词(代词)+名词 His first shot failure，he fired again．