the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early proteins as antagonists of intrinsic and innate antiviral host responses人类巨细胞病毒主要即早期蛋白质作为内在的拮抗剂和天生的抗病毒反应.pdf

Viruses 2009, 1, 760-779; doi:10.3390/v1030760 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review The Human Cytomegalovirus Major Immediate-Early Proteins as Antagonists of Intrinsic and Innate Antiviral Host Responses Christina Paulus and Michael Nevels * Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; E-Mail: christina.paulus@klinik.uni-regensburg.de * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: michael.nevels@klinik.uni- regensburg.de; Tel.: +49 941 944 4640; Fax: +49 941 944 4641. Received: 18 August 2009; in revised form: 4 November 2009 / Accepted: 5 November 2009 / Published: 5 November 2009 Abstract: The major immediate-early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to have a decisive role in acute infection and its activity is an important indicator of viral reactivation from latency. Although a variety of gene products are expressed from this region, the 72-kDa IE1 and the 86-kDa IE2 nuclear phosphoproteins are the most abundant and important. Both proteins have long been recognized as promiscuous transcriptional regulators. More recently, a critical role of the IE1 and IE2 proteins in counteracting non- adaptive host cell defense mechanisms has been revealed. In this review we will briefly summarize the available literature on IE1- and IE2-dependent mechanisms contributing to CMV evasion from intrinsic and innate immune responses. Keywor