deep sequencing for the detection of virus-like sequences in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis detection of gbv-c in human brain深度测序检测病毒基因序列的多发性硬化症患者的大脑中发现gbv-c在人类大脑.pdf

Deep Sequencing for the Detection of Virus-Like Sequences in the Brains of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of GBV-C in Human Brain 1 1 1 2 3 John D. Kriesel *, Maurine R. Hobbs , Brandt B. Jones , Brett Milash , Rashed M. Nagra , Kael F. Fischer4,5 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 2 Bioinformatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 3 The Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource Center, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 4 ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, 5 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of unknown origin that affects the central nervous system of an estimated 400,000 Americans. GBV-C or hepatitis G is a flavivirus that is found in the serum of 1–2% of blood donors. It was originally associated with hepatitis, but is now believed to be a relatively non-pathogenic lymphotropic virus. Fifty frozen specimens from the brains of deceased persons affected by MS were obtained along with 15 normal control brain specimens. RNA was extracted and ribosomal RNAs were depleted before sequencing on the Illumina GAII. These 36 bp reads were compared with a non-redundant database derived from the 600,000+ viral sequences in GenBank organized into 4080 taxa. An individual read successfully aligned to the viral database was considered to be a ‘‘hit’’. Normalized MS specimen hit rates for each viral taxon were compared to the distribution of hits in the normal controls.