the high andes, gene flow and a stable hybrid zone shape the genetic structure of a wide-ranging south american parrot安第斯山脉高,基因流和一个稳定的混合区形状的遗传结构广泛南美鹦鹉.pdf

The high Andes, gene flow and a stable hybrid zone shape the genetic structure of a wide- ranging South American parrot Masello et al. Masello et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2011, 8:16 /content/8/1/16 (15 June 2011) Masello et al. Frontiers in Zoology 2011, 8:16 /content/8/1/16 RESEARCH Open Access The high Andes, gene flow and a stable hybrid zone shape the genetic structure of a wide-ranging South American parrot 1* 1 2 3 4 3 Juan F Masello , Petra Quillfeldt , Gopi K Munimanda , Nadine Klauke , Gernot Segelbacher , H Martin Schaefer , Mauricio Failla5, Maritza Cortés6 and Yoshan Moodley2 Abstract Background: While the gene flow in some organisms is strongly affected by physical barriers and geographical distance, other highly mobile species are able to overcome such constraints. In southern South America, the Andes (here up to 6,900 m) may constitute a formidable barrier to dispersal. In addition, this region was affected by cycles of intercalating arid/moist periods during the Upper/Late Pleistocene and Holocene. These factors may have been crucial in driving the phylogeographic structure of the vertebrate fauna of the region. Here we test these hypotheses in the burrowing parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus (Aves, Psittaciformes) across its wide distributional range in Chile and Argentina. Results: Our data show a Chilean origin for this species, with a single migration event across the Andes during the Upper/Late Pleistocene, which gave rise to all extant Argentinean mitochondrial lineages. Analyses suggest a complex population structure for burrowing parrots