targeted toxins in brain tumor therapy有针对性的毒素在脑肿瘤治疗.pdf
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Toxins 2010, 2, 2645-2662; doi:10.3390/toxins2112645
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toxins
ISSN 2072-6651
/journal/toxins
Review
Targeted Toxins in Brain Tumor Therapy
Yan Michael Li and Walter A. Hall *
Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse,
New York 13210, NY, USA; E-Mail: liy@
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hallw@;
Tel.: +1-315-464-5510; Fax: +1-315-464-5520.
Received: 4 October 2010; in revised form: 20 October 2010 / Accepted: 27 October 2010 /
Published: 1 November 2010
Abstract: Targeted toxins, also known as immunotoxins or cytotoxins, are recombinant
molecules that specifically bind to cell surface receptors that are overexpressed in cancer
and the toxin component kills the cell. These recombinant proteins consist of a specific
antibody or ligand coupled to a protein toxin. The targeted toxins bind to a surface antigen
or receptor overexpressed in tumors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor or
interleukin-13 receptor. The toxin part of the molecule in all clinically used toxins is
modified from bacterial or plant toxins, fused to an antibody or carrier ligand. Targeted
toxins are very effective against cancer cells resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. They
are far more potent than any known chemotherapy drug. Targeted toxins have shown an
acceptable profile of toxicity and
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