福建专升本英语语法.doc

福建专升本英语语法讲义 1. 主谓一致 1.1 意义一致原则和就近原则 意义一致原则是指主语形式为单数而意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。形式是复数而意义是单数时，谓语动词用单数。 就近原则是即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 1) The government have asked the county to decide by a vote. 2) Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. 3) Fifty-sex dollars was stolen from the cash register 4) Either my brothers or me father is coming. 5) Only one out of five were present. 6) No one except his own supporters agree with him. 7) Neither Julia nor I am going. 由or, nor, either……or, neither……..nor, not only …….but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照就近原则。 例如：Not only the switching but also the old wiring has been changed。 在there be结构中，如果出现两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如： There is a dictionary and two books on the desk. 1.2通常作不可数名词的集体名词，谓语动词用单数。 Foliage(叶子),machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise The merchandise has arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 1.3由and或both……and连接的并列结构做主语,如果意义为复数,谓语动词用复数. Both Pauline and her son Bob have gone fishing in Canada. Rain, hail and wind have caused an estimated $22,000,000 damage to crops and livestock. 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every,或many a等限定词时,随后的动词通常用单数. Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself in need. 1.3当主语后面跟有由as much as， as, rather than, more than, no less than(和……一样，不少于，不亚于)等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。 Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss. His brother rather than his parents is to blame. My wife, more than anyone else in the family, is anxious to go there again. Man, no less than the lower forms of life, is the product of the evolutionary process. 1.4当主语后面跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with ,together with, except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。 The father as well ad his sons, is going to enroll. No one except two girls was late for dinner. The truck along with all its contents was destroyed. The barn in addition to the house, was burned. 1.5在“one of +复数名词+who/that