分子生物学习题题库（参考）.doc

第一部分 名词解释 1 Abundance (mRNA 丰度) 2 Abundant mRNA (高丰度mRNA) 3 Acceptor splicing site (受体剪切位点) 4 Acentric fragment (无着丝粒片段) 5 Active site (活性位点) 6 Allele (等位基因)在 7 Allelic exclusion (等位基因排斥) 8 Allosteric control (别构调控) 9 Alu-equivalent family (Alu 相当序列基因) 10 Alu family (Alu家族) 11 α-Amanitin(鹅膏覃碱) 12 Amber codon (琥珀密码子) 13 Amber mutation (琥珀突变) 14 Amber suppressors (琥珀抑制子) 15 Aminoacyl-tRNA (氨酰-tRNA) 16 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (氨酰-tRNA 合成酶) 17 Amphipathic structure (两亲结构) 18 Anchorage dependence (贴壁依赖) 19 Aneuploid (非整倍体) 20 Annealing (退火) 21 Anterograde (顺式转运) 22 Antibody (抗体) 23 Anticoding strand (反编码链) 24 Antigen (抗原) 25 Antiparallel (反式平行) 26 Antitermination protein (抗终止蛋白质) 27 AP endonucleases (AP 核酸内切酶) 28 Apoptosis (细胞凋亡) 29 Archeae (古细菌) 30 Att sites (Att位点) 31 Attenuation (衰减) 32 Attenuator (衰减子) 33 Autogenous control (自体调控) 34 Autonomous controlling element (自主控制元件) 35 Autoradiography (放射性子显影) 36 Autosomes (常染色体) 37 B lymphocytes or B cell (B淋巴细胞或B 细胞) 38 Backcross (回交) 39 Back mutation (回复突变) 40 Bacteriophage (细菌噬菌体) 41 Normal chromosomes (常染色体) 42 Base pair (碱基对) 43 Bidirectinal replication (双向复制) 44 Bivalent (二价染色体) 45 Blastoderm (囊胚层) 46 Blocked reading frame (闭锁读框) 47 Blunt-end ligation (平端连接) 48 Branch migration (分支迁移) 49 Breakage and reunion (断裂与重连) 50 Buoyant density (漂浮密度) 51 C gene (C 基因) 52 C value (C值) 53 CAAT box (CAAT 盒) 54 Cap (帽) 55 Capsid (衣壳) 56 Caspases 57 cDNA 58 cDNA clone (cDNA 克隆) 59 Cell cycle (细胞周期) 60 Cell hybrid (细胞杂交) 61 Centrioles (中心粒) 62 Centromere (着丝粒) 63 Centrosomes (中心体) 64 Chaperone (分子伴侣) 65 Chemical complexity (化学复杂度) 66 Chi sequemce (Chi序列) 67 Chi structure (Chi结构) 68 Chiasma (交叉) 69 Chromatids (染色单体) 70 Chromatin (染色质) 71 Chromatin remodeling (染色体重建) 72 Chromocenter (染色中心) 73 Chromomeres (染色粒) 74 Chromosome (染色体) 75 Chromosome walking (染色体步移) 76 cis-acting locus (顺式作用位点) 77 cis-acting protein (顺式作用蛋白