Face theory.ppt

Contents 1.The notion of Face 2.Introduction of Face Theory 3.Constitition of Face Theory 3.1positive face 3.2negative face 4.Face threatening acts (FTAs) 5.Strategies for doing FTA 6.“Face ”in Chinese culture 1.The notion of face The notion of face has to do with feelings of being embarrassed or humiliated. It is something that is emotionally invested and something that can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and therefore must be constantly attended to be in interpersonal interaction. 2.Introduction of Face Theory In 1978,Brown and Levinson published the book Politeness:Some Universals in Language Usage, in which they developed Goffmans (1976) notion of face into the well-known Face Theory(FT for short). Thank you！ * * * a different approach from Leech’s Note explanation in the Reader * Threat to negative face: open the window, be on time, you cannot leave now, give me your answer sheet * Threat to positive face: your paper was lousy, what an awful dress you’re wearing, I disagree with you, you made a mistake * Definition from Yule (1996:129) * note. baldly: in a few words, with nothing extra or unnecessary bold: brave and confident; not afraid to say what you feel or to take risks Face Theory Stephen C. Levinson Function/Status: Director of The Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Group Affiliation: Language and Cognition Group Professional background:Linguistics, anthropology（人类学）, cognitive anthropology Penelope Brown Function/Status: researcher Group affiliation（从属）: Acquisition Group Professional background: Linguistic Anthropology, Language Acquisition, Mayan（玛雅语） Indians（印第安人） In their view, politeness was the various rational behaviors of a Model Person to satisfy his face wants. A Model Person had two special properties--rationality and face. Rationality: the application of a specific mode of reasoning-what Aristotle(1969) called ‘practical reasoning’（实用主义） --which guarantees inferences from ends or goals to