supernovae, neutrinos and the chirality of amino acids超新星,中微子和氨基酸的手性.pdf

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 3432-3444; doi:10.3390/ijm OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 /journal/ijms Article Supernovae, Neutrinos and the Chirality of Amino Acids Richard N. Boyd 1,*, Toshitaka Kajino 2,3 and Takashi Onaka 3 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 2 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; E-Mail: kajino@nao.ac.jp 3 Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; E-Mail: onaka@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Boyd11@; Tel.: +925-423-3201; Fax: +925-292-5940. Received: 19 April 2011; in revised form: 12 May 2011 / Accepted: 20 May 2011 / Published: 31 May 2011 Abstract: A mechanism for creating an enantioenrichment in the amino acids, the building blocks of the proteins, that involves global selection of one handedness by interactions between the amino acids and neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae is defined. The chiral selection involves the dependence of the interaction cross sections on the 14 orientations of the spins of the neutrinos and the N nuclei in the amino acids, or in precursor molecules,