并列句复合句及连词.doc

并列句、复合句和连词 连词是一种虚词，不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间不是从属关系，而是平行并列的关系。 常用的并列连词有如下四种： 联合并列句 and（和；并且） I tried my best, and I caught up with him at last. 转折并列句 but（但是） It is raining hard, but I still go to school. 选择并列句 or（或者，否则 Be careful, or you will hurt yourself. 因果并列句 so（因此，所以） He was ill, so he went to see a doctor. He must be a good student, for he is always careful with his lessons. 注意：and常用于肯定句中，表肯定列举；or常表示选择和否定的列举，常用于选择疑问句或否定句中。 .常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … , not … but …, both … and …, 等等。例如： Not only one but also all of us were invited. Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 练习 1.It was so late, _________ the farmers went to working in the field. A. and B. or C. so D. but 2.. I didnt know anything about it_______ my father told me. A. until B. because C. if D. after 3.. It’s very nice _____you to give me the chance. A. of B. for C. to D. at 4.. The sports meet will continue_____ it rains this afternoon. A. if B. since C. as soon as D. unless 5.Study hard, ___________you are sure to have a good result in the exam. A. or B. and C. for D. But 状语从句 在复合句中充当时间、地点、方式、目的、原因、结果等状语成分的从句通称为状语从句。 （1） 时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常由since, when, after, as, while, before, by, during等时间连词引导。例如： Tom was playing computer games when his mother found him. （2）地点状语从句 　地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如： 　I found my wallet where I walked. Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. （3）方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, （just） as…so…, as if, as though引导。例如： As water is to fish, so air is to man. as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛……似的，好像……似的。例如： They completely ignore