Legal System for labor dispute resolution in USA 美国 ... - CUNY ALR.pptx

Workshop on US-China Comparative Collective Dispute Resolution Systems 中美集体争议调处机制比较研讨会Beijing Mingde Institute for Labor Relations and Employment Research, Changsha April 25-26, 2015Richard D. FincherInstructor, Cornell University ILR Learning goals学习目标 Provide comparative knowledge and insights for Chinese scholars and policy makers为中国学者和政策制定者提供比较视角下的参考Caveat: One cannot transfer an industrial relations system from one country to another country友情提示：任何一国的劳动关系体系都终究无法复制Transnational learning is a process, not an outcome跨国经验的借鉴是必要的过程，但不应被视作成果Current methods of resolving collective labor disputes in China当前中国解决集体劳资纠纷的方法Mediation调解Arbitration 仲裁Government pressure on employer to settle政府向雇主施压Suppress workers through security通过安保力量向员工施压Government passes pro-worker law政府出台有利于员工的法律法规Spectrum of Labor Dispute Resolution劳动争议解决机制图谱 Ranges from direct negotiation (left) to an imposed court decision (right)（从左至右）由双方直接协商，过渡到引入法庭裁量From most collaborative to most adversarial 由合作最大化，过渡到对抗最大化争议解决机制图谱美国仲裁协会合作对抗A framework for labor conflict resolution劳动纠纷解决机制的整体框架Efficiency for workers and DR (cost/success/minimize disruptions)效率（出于花费、效果、生产停顿最小化考虑）Equity among workers (justice, fairness, due process)公平（出于正义、公平、正当程序考虑）Worker voice (input in design, participation)工人的声音（出于参与式制度设计考虑）争取这三个目标效果最大化(goal to maximize achievement of all three goals)Principles for collective labor dispute resolution in USA美国集体劳动争议解决的原则 Continuous social dialogue to workers is the foundation 和工人保持持续性的社会对话是原则性的基础Focus on early resolution of grievances重点关注申诉案件的早期介入和解决Direct negotiations is always preferable直接协商总是更优选择Real CBAs are the only sustainable solution, enforced in court由法庭执行的集体谈判合约时唯一真正可持续的方案Principles for collective labor dispute resolution in USA美国集体劳动争议解决的原则 Dispute resolution is voluntary, but competent neutral processes are available纠纷解决机制采取自愿原则，其他可选择的中立调解机制也同时存在Administrative regulations and the courts ensure a fair playing field行政法规与法庭负责维持公平的操作环境Right to strike in private sector私有部门工人有权罢工Legal Fram