《四级翻译讲义.docx

大学英语四级翻译讲义英语翻译三步曲第一：找主干第二：定时态第三：加修饰找主干什么是句子的主干？――主要成份第二、定时态如何确定时态？找信号词A一般现在时信号词：现在、是、总是、给谓语构成： be动词（am/is are）动词原形（do/does）B 一般过去时 信号词：过去某个具体时间点(从前、早在、在2011年,朝代） 相传，据说谓语构成：be（was，were）或者 didC.现在完成时信号词：（副词）到目前为止，已经，自从，在近……以来，早就（助词）了，过，结构： have/ has + done (动词的过去分词) 表示完成时的时间状语标志D.一般将来时信号词：将来、会、可以… 谓语构成：will (be going to)+doE 现在进行时 信号词：正在、此时此刻、（助词）正……着谓语构成： be（am/is are）+doing F.情态动词结构:should/may/can/could/must等+do信号词：将，可能，也许时间状语一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶。 (1312四）An emperor found the tea five thousand years ago.在明清期间，茶馆遍布全国。 (1312四） During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tea houses were widespread all over the country. 几个世纪以来，西湖一直以其秀美风景而闻名于世。 For centuries, the West Lake has been well-known for its beautiful scenery. 地点状语“中国结”(Chinese Knot)在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚。(1312四）Chinese Knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese. 好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡. (1312四）Good cooks always try to seek balance among grains,meat and vegetables. 方式状语中国应进一步发展核能. (1406四） China should further develop the nuclear energy. 食物对健康至关重要.(1312四） Food is crucially important to health.阅读对于中小学生尤为重要.(1406四） Reading is crucially important to primary and middle school students.目的状语为了，针对，以　　　用to do 形式为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除（样题）。To sweep away the ill fortune and bring in good luck,…针对这一问题，中国政府正开始发起低碳行动。To tackle this problem,…. 为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施。 To promote the equality of education, China …...青奥会于①八月②在南京③隆重开幕。 在汉语中通常排列为“时间→地点→方式→动词”的顺序，在英语中通常排列为“动词→方式→地点→时间”的顺序。how→where→when The Youth Olympic Games began ceremoniously in Nanjing in August. 我从看到你第一眼就从心底里深深地爱上了你。I love you deeply from the bottom of my heart at the first sight.简单句语序：主+谓+宾+How+Where+When 请试着将下面短语组成一个完整的句子。Gamesplayed yesterdayin the roomthe childrenquietlyThe children played games quietly in the room yesterday.before lunchthe letterin his officequicklyhereadHe read the letter quickly in his office before lunch.the little boy an applethis morningate greedilyin the kitchen. The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this m