化学专业英语化合物命名.ppt

化合物的英文命名; 一 无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)1 元素与单质的命名;S-block Element; P-block Element;Common Transition Elememt;2　化合物的命名;Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts;2.Multivalence ions;对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更 多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic表示高价。 　如 FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide Cu2O: copper(I) oxide 或cuprous oxide 　 CuO: copper(II) oxide或cupric oxide;Naming nonmetal ions (anions);2. Polyatomic oxyanions;(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite );(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 -ite );(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate );Naming compounds;2. Nonmetal oxide;非金属氢化物; 无氧酸;3. Bases;4.盐(Salts);(2) 酸式盐：(Acidic salts)同正盐的读法，酸根中的Ｈ读做hydrogen，氢原子的个数用前缀表示。 Acidic salt = Cation + hydrogen + anion for example: NaHSO4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate Na2HPO4 Disodium hydrogen phosphate NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate NaHCO3 Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate ;(3).Basic salts;(4).复盐(Mixed salts)：同正盐的读法。;5)水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3?6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water 或 aluminum chloride hexahydrate AlK(SO4)2?12H2O: aluminium potassium sulfate 12-water;5. Acids(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide);(2). Meta- and hypo-acid ( its salt-ite) Acid = Central element’s root -ous + acid for example: H2SO3 Sulfurous acid H3PO3 Phosphorous acid HNO2 Nitrous acid HClO Hypochlorous acid HClO2 Chlorous acid ;含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子;H2SO4 sulfuric acid HCl hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid HCN hydrogen cyanide or hydrocyanic acid Na2S sodium sulfide CuSO4 copper (II) sulfate or cupric sulfate Fe(NO3)3 iron (III) nitrate or ferric nitrate HClO4 perch