外科问答题（Surgery questions and answers）.doc

外科问答题（Surgery questions and answers） Basic knowledge of surgery 1. What is aseptic surgery? What does it include? What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection? Answer: aseptic surgery is a series of preventive measures aimed at microorganisms and infection routes. The contents include sterilization, disinfection, operation rules and management system. Distinguish whether or not to destroy all microorganisms. 2, what is hypokalemia, clinical intravenous potassium should pay attention to what matters? Answer: serum potassium 3.5mmol/L note: sub supplement potassium, side filling side observation, pay attention to the concentration 40mmol/L ( 0.3%) and speed 20mmol/h, urine volume 40ml/h, then potassium supplement. 3 what mechanism does the body maintain the acid-base balance of the body fluid? Answer: the body buffer system, lung breathing, kidney regulation. 4, what is called abnormal acid urine? Answer: hypokalemia, alkalosis, renal tubule discharge of potassium and hydrogen excretion increase, urine acidity, called abnormal acidic urine. 5. Why should early ambulation be performed after surgery? Answer: early activities can increase lung capacity, reduce pulmonary complications, improve blood circulation, promote wound healing, and reduce thrombosis due to venous congestion of the lower extremities. It also results in the recovery of bowel and bladder function, thereby reducing abdominal distension and urinary retention. Early ambulation should pay attention to the principle of gradual progress. 6. The main purpose and the most common choice of the drugs before anesthesia? Answer: the main purpose is to eliminate the adverse reactions caused by anesthesia and surgery, especially the vagus reflex, inhibit breathing, digestive tract gland secretion, keep breathing unobstructed, in case of false aspiration. Clinical often choose sedation, analgesic and anti lift drugs (dolantin and atropine can). 7, local anesthetic classification, commonly used d