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大一英语语法之冠词讲义.doc

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冠词的基本用法 1.不定冠词的用法 误:Son of minister,Paul Roberson graduated first from Rutgers and then from Columbia University. 正:Son of a minister 不定冠词a,an的基本用法为: (1)指人或事物的某一种类:He is a worker. (2)指某一类人或事物中的一个:A triangle has three angles. (3)指某人或某物,而不具体说明何人何物: A man from Beijing will speak to us tomorrow. (4)等于one,指一个,说明数量: I have a/one sister and two brothers. (5)等于the same,指相同的或具有同一类别或同一性质的: Birds of a feather flock together. (6)相当于per,指事物的单位:He came to China twice a year. (7)相当于a certain,指某个人,表示说话者不认识此人: Do you know a Mr.Smith? 物质名词或抽象名词加a/an,则成为普通名词,表示单个成品或种类,但不是所有的物质名同或抽象名词都可加a/an变为普通名词,这一点将在下文中详述。 It is a great joy to meet him again. have/take/do+a/an+抽象名词,与抽象名词的动词形态同义,Lets take a swim.=Let us swim.Lets have a rest.=Lets rest. 2.定冠词的用法 误:This is a book which I loved most. 正:the book 定冠词的基本用法为: (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,或由上下文可知该名词所指的东西非常明显、或已有一定的范围,该名词前用the: This is the house where I once lived. (2)表示说话人和听话人彼此熟悉的人或事物: Please pass me the book. (3)复述前面已提到的人或物: I read a story last night.The story is about a strike. (4)表示该类名词的全体、总称: The cow is a useful animal.(=Cows are useful animals.) (5)表示世界上独一无二的事物: The earth moves round the sun. (6)用在序数词、形容词最高级之前: January is the first month of the year. (7)用在表示方位、方向的名词前: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (8)定冠词可与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人或物: The number of the poor in the U.S.is large. (9)演奏乐器时,用在乐器名称的前面: Some children learn to play the piano. (10)在阶级、党派前用the: The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921. 3.专有名词前冠词的用法 误:The Mary will arrive in the Taipei tomorrow. 正:Taipei 专有名词前一般不加冠词,但在下列情况中则须加a,an,the。 (1)the用以表明某一个人或物以区别于其他同名的人或物。 a.There is not the Alice in this class. b.Is he the Mr.Smith you asked me about? c.I dont know much about the England of 1885.(=about the situa- tion of England in 1885) d.The Mrs.Hopkins wants to see you.(=the woman called Mrs.Hopkins) (2)the用于复数化的姓氏之前以表示全家人。 a.The Pikes are our next-door neighbours. b.The Johnsons were nice people. (3)a或the用于专有名词之前以表示别的人或物具有该专有名词的特征。 a.He wishes to become a Mozart. b.Georg
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