大一英语语法之冠词讲义.doc
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冠词的基本用法
1.不定冠词的用法
误:Son of minister,Paul Roberson graduated first from Rutgers and then from Columbia University.
正:Son of a minister
不定冠词a,an的基本用法为:
(1)指人或事物的某一种类:He is a worker.
(2)指某一类人或事物中的一个:A triangle has three angles.
(3)指某人或某物,而不具体说明何人何物:
A man from Beijing will speak to us tomorrow.
(4)等于one,指一个,说明数量:
I have a/one sister and two brothers.
(5)等于the same,指相同的或具有同一类别或同一性质的:
Birds of a feather flock together.
(6)相当于per,指事物的单位:He came to China twice a year.
(7)相当于a certain,指某个人,表示说话者不认识此人:
Do you know a Mr.Smith?
物质名词或抽象名词加a/an,则成为普通名词,表示单个成品或种类,但不是所有的物质名同或抽象名词都可加a/an变为普通名词,这一点将在下文中详述。
It is a great joy to meet him again.
have/take/do+a/an+抽象名词,与抽象名词的动词形态同义,Lets take a swim.=Let us swim.Lets have a rest.=Lets rest.
2.定冠词的用法
误:This is a book which I loved most.
正:the book
定冠词的基本用法为:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,或由上下文可知该名词所指的东西非常明显、或已有一定的范围,该名词前用the:
This is the house where I once lived.
(2)表示说话人和听话人彼此熟悉的人或事物:
Please pass me the book.
(3)复述前面已提到的人或物:
I read a story last night.The story is about a strike.
(4)表示该类名词的全体、总称:
The cow is a useful animal.(=Cows are useful animals.)
(5)表示世界上独一无二的事物:
The earth moves round the sun.
(6)用在序数词、形容词最高级之前:
January is the first month of the year.
(7)用在表示方位、方向的名词前:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(8)定冠词可与某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表某一类人或物:
The number of the poor in the U.S.is large.
(9)演奏乐器时,用在乐器名称的前面:
Some children learn to play the piano.
(10)在阶级、党派前用the:
The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921.
3.专有名词前冠词的用法
误:The Mary will arrive in the Taipei tomorrow.
正:Taipei
专有名词前一般不加冠词,但在下列情况中则须加a,an,the。
(1)the用以表明某一个人或物以区别于其他同名的人或物。
a.There is not the Alice in this class.
b.Is he the Mr.Smith you asked me about?
c.I dont know much about the England of 1885.(=about the situa- tion of England in 1885)
d.The Mrs.Hopkins wants to see you.(=the woman called Mrs.Hopkins)
(2)the用于复数化的姓氏之前以表示全家人。
a.The Pikes are our next-door neighbours.
b.The Johnsons were nice people.
(3)a或the用于专有名词之前以表示别的人或物具有该专有名词的特征。
a.He wishes to become a Mozart.
b.Georg
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