【2017年整理】公选2 English History 2.ppt

English History (2) The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381) I. Royal lines of Britain House of Normandy William I the Conqueror William II the Rufus Henry I House of Plantagenet Henry II Richard I, Coeur de Lion Herny III Edward I, II, III Richard II House of Lancaster House of York Henry IV Henry V (Prince Hal) Herny VI Edward IV Edward V Richard III, Crookback House of Tudor Henry VII, married daughter of Edward IV Herny VIII, son of Henry VII Edward VI, son of Henry VIII Mary I, “Bloody Mary”, daughter of Henry VIII Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII (1558-1603) House of Stuart James I (James VI of Scotland) Charles I, son of James I Commonwealth Protectorate Coucil of State Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver House of Stuart (Restored) Charles II, son of Charles I James II, second son of Charles I (interregnum 1688-1689) William III of Orange and Mary II House of Hanover George I, II, III, IV William IV Victoria (1837-1901) House of Windsor George V (1910- Edward VIII George VI Elizabeth II (1952- II. Key Points of this chapter Feudal hierarchy in William I’s rule Henry II’s reform Conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket (Murder of the archbishop) The Great Charter of 1215 (Magna Carta) The Great Council ? Parliament (House of Lords and Commons) Crusade Hundred Years’ War with France (Joan of Arc) The Black Death III1. Norman Rule (1066-1381) William I is a great king in strengthening the central power ① Unitied monarchy by the establishment of Feudalism The feudal hierarchy: King ? barons男爵 ? lesser nobles ? knights ? freemen (yeomen) ? serfs农奴 Feudalism Feudalism provided social and political order held together by bonds of kinship, homage, and fealty and by grants of benefices—lands or estates given by king, lay lord or bishop or abbot to another member of the nobility or to a knight. In return for the benefice, the recipient became the vassal of the lord and agreed to perform certain services, usually m