浅析信用证软条款的危害及防范毕业论文.doc

浅析信用证软条款的危害及防范 【内容摘要】：信用证（简称L/C）支付方式是随着国际贸易的发展、银行参与国际贸易结算的过程中逐步形成的。信用证支付方式在很大程度上解决了进、出口双方在付款和交货问题上的矛盾,它已成为国际贸易中的一种主要付款方式。经济危机影响下，来自买方及银行的风险在不断的上升，识别各种软条款，揭开其神秘的面纱，保护供应商的自身利益不受损害，可说是当务之急。笔者将通过对信用证付款的利与弊、国际支付中信用证软条款产生的原因及进口商心理动机几个方面的分析来讨论如何识别和防范信用证软条款。 【关键词】：国际贸易 信用证 软条款 进口商心理动机 【Abstract】 Letter of credit (L/C) as the term of payment is formed gradually along with the development of international trade, Banks participating in international trade settlement. The L/C that has become a main term of payment in international trade largely solved the contradiction both in import and export about the payment and delivery . Due to the Economic crisis influence, the risk from the buyer and bank is increasing constantly. it is urgent for us to identify various Soft Clauses and open its mysteries to protect suppliers benefit. I will be through the analyse of the pros and cons of the L/C, the causes of L/C soft terms and the importers psychological motivation to discuss how to identify and prevent of Soft Clauses of L/C. 【Keywords】 International Trade Letter of Credit (L/C) Soft Clauses Importers Psychological Motivation  目 录 引言.............................................................3 一、信用证付款的利与弊...........................................4 二、国际支付中信用证软条款产生的原因及危害.......................4 2.1 信用证制度本身的缺陷.....................................4 2.2 进口方预防市场不利方向变化...............................5 2.3 进口方中间商类型与性质...................................5 2.4 出口方不良信誉自我积累...................................5 2.5 开证行与进口商之间客户关系、服务与受服务性质.............6 2.6进口商心理动机............................................6 三、信用证软条款的分类及分析.....................................7 3.1信用证暂不生效条款........................................7 3.2部分议付单据受控于开证申请人..............................7 3.3要求受益人提交其无法获得的单据............................7 3.4使受益人在收到货款之前就丧失货权..........................8 四、信用证的审核及识别信用证软条款...............................8 案例分析........................................................10 总