2013年度11月2日托福阅读真题解析.doc

2013年11月2日托福阅读真题解析 第一篇 TOPIC The Disappearance Of D People 第一段讲因为a cool trend，该地能够适应寒冷的人留下来，演变成了D人。 第二段讲然后拿他们和pre-D的人做了比较。有一题问的是哪些不是pre-D的characteristic。 第三段讲有两个原因导致了D人的disappearance。一个是climate change。因为Arctic气候变暖，然后冰川融化，一部分（Dozen）人原来已经adapt to climate，并且有了在寒冷气候下的生存方式，现在不能适应这种气候，然后就搬走了，另一部分人为了适应这种气候，抛弃tundra，而他们的祖先留下来的以前的捕猎技巧等绝大多数适用于陆地上捕猎，而天气便暖导致冰川暖化，他们也不得不放弃这些技巧，转而去适应捕猎海中的mammals。 第四段讲又有一个人种，起源于Greenland的某个地方，然后气温升高导致冰川融化，他们也捕猎海中大型mammal，但以前捕猎范围有限，因为被冰限制住了，后来冰川融化，圈子open，然后他们就追赶这些动物到加拿大北极圈的那些居民住的地方，后来又把那里的原著居民赶走了。然后在这个文化逐渐消亡，但还有些残存。 Dorset culture The Dorset culture (also called the Dorset Tradition) was a Paleo-Eskimo culture (500 BCE–1500 CE) that preceded the Inuit culture in Arctic North America. It is named after Cape Dorset in Nunavut, Canada where the first the evidence of its existence was found. The culture has been defined as having four phases due to the distinct differences in the technologies relating to hunting and tool making. Artefacts include distinctive triangular end-blades, soapstone lamps, and burins. The Dorset were first identified as a separate culture in 1925. Archaeology has been critical to adding to knowledge about them because the Dorset were essentially extinct by 1500 due to difficulties in adapting to the Medieval Warm Period. The Thule, who began migrating east from Alaska in the 1000s, began the displacement of the Dorset. However a small, isolated community of people known as the Sadlermiut survived until 1902-1903 at Hudson Bay on Coats, Walrus, and Southampton islands. DNA testing has confirmed these people were directly related to the Dorset culture. Dorset culture and history is divided into four periods: the Early (which began around 500 BCE), Middle, Late (starting around CE 800), and Terminal (CE 1000 to 1500) phases. The Terminal phase was already in progress when the Thule entered the Canadian Arctic, migrating east from Alaska. It is probably closely related to the onset of the Medieval Warm Period, which starte