2010学年初高中知识衔接—句子成分句子结构.doc

2010学年初高中知识衔接（二）——句子成分 写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般都不可缺少；其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。 主语 句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。由名词或代词充当。 练习：请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词、短语或句子）可以充当主语。 The boy comes from America. He usually goes to school alone. Learning English is very important. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. That he won the prize excited everyone. It is important for us to have our dreams. It is obvious that he was wrong. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 归纳：主语一般由名词、_________， 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括_________、_________ 还有_________）。另外，当句子的主语为_________、_________或_________时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。 谓语 说明主语的动作、状态或特征；由动词或动词词组充当；除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面，即主语+谓语。 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要一致（主谓一致）。 练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？ His parents are teachers. The sun rises in the east. We have finished reading the book. You ought to work harder. I felt cold. He doesn’t like music. 宾语 表示动作的对象，一般由名词、宾格代词，或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。 练习： 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式/动名词短语还是宾语从句？） He has never met her in person. She handed him a book. He likes to play basketball. We enjoy listening to music. She said that she felt sick. They sent the injured to hospital. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. We consider it no good getting up late. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 注意：当句子的宾语为___________、___________、或___________时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。 综合练习：分析下列句子，请找出其中的主语（下划单横线）、谓语（下划双横线）和宾语（下划波浪线）。 The boy comes from America. He found it no use trying to persuade her. To be a teacher is my dream. Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. Many changes took place in my hometown. I’d like to swim this afternoon. It is a pity that he missed the film. He supposed it improper to ask for leave. She understood what he said finally. He told me that the lecture was a failure. The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country. Looking up all the new words in the