2017年人教版新目标九年英语语法(定语从句).doc
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初三英语语法:定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后,这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
在下面几种情况下必须用关系代词that引导定语从句:
(1) 先行词是不定代词all ,few, little, everything ,nothing anything, none等。如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。如:This is the best movie I’ve ever seen.这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。
(3) 先行词被all, any ,every ,each, few, little, no ,some等修饰时。如:
I have read all the books(that )you gave me.我读了你给我的所有的书。
(4) 先行词被the only , the every ,the same, the last 修饰时。如:
He is the only person that I want to talk to .他就是我要谈话的那个人。
(5) 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。如:
They are talking about thins and persons that they remembered. 他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。
(6) 为避免重复,在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中。如:
Who is the girl that is crying ?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours.从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的?
(7) 用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day, time , moment 代替when 。如:It happened on the day that/when he was born这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。
(8) 如果有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用which则另一个用that 。如:The country built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before.这个国家建立了一个工厂,生产以前未曾见到过的东西。
(9) 主句以there be开头。如:This is a seat in the corner that is still free.那个角落还有个座位空着。
2. 限制性定语从句
(1) who引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词who用于指人,通常在句中作主语。在非正式文体中,who可以代替whom在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,而且常常省略。在作介词宾语时,不能位于介词之后。如:A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health. 医生是关照人们健康的人。
Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing.懂这一行的人是不会说这样的话的。
The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
There’s no one works harder than you. 没有比你更用功的人了。
(no one后省去了用作 主语的who)
(2) whom引导的限制性定语从句
The gentleman whom she encountered addressed her with courtesy.
她相遇的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。
I have just met a lady (whom) I saw last week.我刚遇到一位我上个星期见过的贵妇人。
关系代词whom用于指人,是who的宾格形式,在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语,常常省略。whom作介词宾语时,介词可位于whom之前或句末,在非正式文体中常位于句末;紧接介词的whom不能省略。
He wanted to find someone with whom he could discuss books and music.他想找个能共同研讨书和音乐的人。
This is the teacher (whom) we have talked about. 这就是我们谈论过的那个老师。
(3) whos
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