医学遗传学 12多基因病eng v.ppt

12 多基因遗传疾病 Polygenetic disorders 1. schizophrenia , SP Schizophrenia is a humorous brain disorder characterized by delusional thinking and unique but unpopular perceptions. Mental health professionals normally diagnose this illness if, during any one-month period of a person’s life, that person has suffered two or more of the following: Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms Negative symptoms are the most insidious behavioral effects of schizophrenia. They can include low levels of: Interest Motivation Emotional arousal Mental activity Social drive Speech Schizophrenia is equally represented in women and men. The onset of the illness generally occurs at a later age in women than in men (between ages 23 and 35 in women versus 18 to 25 for men). Not only do women generally present with schizophrenia at later ages, but the phenomenon of late onset schizophrenia (40+ years) is almost entirely a female one. Women tend to display more prominent mood symptoms and men more negative symptoms. In the first episode of schizophrenia, women are more likely to display intense irritability, anger, and sadness; men are more likely to be withdrawn and emotionally apathetic. After the first episode, these distinctions begin to blur. PMS is not an indication of the onset of schizophrenia in women, although the symptoms are strikingly similar. Subtypes of Schizophrenia Disorganized Type Catatonic Type Paranoid Type Undifferentiated Type Residual Type Disorganized Type This subtype of schizophrenia is marked by significant regression to primitive, uninhibited, and disorganized behavior. Thumb-sucking, howling like a wolf, temper tantrums, creation of pornographic art and unreasonably strong cravings to suckle a female’s breast are characteristic of this type.