t cell memory in the context of persistent herpes viral infections上下文中的t细胞记忆持久疱疹病毒感染.pdf

Viruses 2012, 4, 1116-1143; doi:10.3390/v4071116 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review T Cell Memory in the Context of Persistent Herpes Viral Infections Nicole Torti and Annette Oxenius * Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; E-Mail: torti@micro.biol.ethz.ch * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: oxenius@micro.biol.ethz.ch; Tel.: +41-44-632-33-17; Fax: +41-44-632-10-98. Received: 4 July 2012; in revised form: 18 July 2012 / Accepted: 19 July 2012 / Published: 20 July 2012 Abstract: The generation of a functional memory T cell pool upon primary encounter with an infectious pathogen is, in combination with humoral immunity, an essential process to confer protective immunity against reencounters with the same pathogen. A prerequisite for the generation and maintenance of long-lived memory T cells is the clearance of antigen after infection, which is fulfilled upon resolution of acute viral infections. Memory T cells play also a fundamental role during persistent viral infections by contributing to relative control and immuosurveillance of active replication or viral reactivation, respectively. However, the dynamics, the phenotype, the mechanisms of maintenance and the functionality of memory T cells which develop upon acute/resolved infection as opposed to chronic/latent infection differ substantially. In this review