[大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点练习题.doc

大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点 （一）虚拟语气：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。“ if ”引导的虚拟语气 （1）与现在的事实相反：(从句：If ... + were/did...，主句：...+ would / could / might / should do...) If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. （事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. (事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2）与过去的事实相反：(从句：If ... + had done...，主句：...+would / could / might / should have done...) If I had gotten there earlier, I should / could have met her. （事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.（事实：没有听我的话）3）与将来的事实可能相反：(从句If ...+ should /were to do...，主句：...+ would do...) If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? （事实：表示错综复杂的条件主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在Paul had received six more votes in the last election，he would our chairman now. 主句的谓语部分为 would be因为有 now 限制为received，因为从句时间为过去（in the last election）。主句和从句属不同的时间范畴。’t eat enough. 主句He would gain weight后跳过了if he ate enough 这一条件句。 I would have gone with you but I was too tired. 主句I would have gone with you后跳过了if I had not been tired 这一条件句。 （6）虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装Had Paul received six more votes in the last election，he would our chairman now. （7）与介词连用表示条件的结构形式：通过without, but for 表示条件。 Without your guidance, we should / would fail. But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned. 2．用在表示建议、命令、要求等的宾语从句中 从句谓语形式为：“...(should ) + do sth.”（在美语中should常省去）。类似用法的动词有：suggest（建议），advise（建议），propose（建议），recommend（推荐），move（动议），urge （敦促），advocate（拥护、提倡）；command （命令），order（命令）；demand（要求），desire（要求、请求），request（请求），require（需要、要求），ask（要求），maintain（坚决主张），insist（坚持要求）；decide（决定），arrange（安排）等后面的宾语从句中。 这些词的名词形式后的同位语从句或表语从句谓语形式也为：“...(should ) + do sth.”（在美语中should常省去）。 My suggestion is that a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem. （建立起特别委员会以便调查问题） My suggestion that a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem is still in the air. 3．用在“It + be + importan