the ‘hawk-dove’ game and the speed of the evolutionary process in small heterogeneous populationsu201c鸽u201d游戏,在小异质种群进化过程的速度.pdf

Games 2010, 1, 103-116; doi:10.3390/g1020103 OPEN ACCESS games ISSN 2073-4336 /journal/games Article The ‘Hawk-Dove’ Game and the Speed of the Evolutionary Process in Small Heterogeneous Populations Bernhard Voelkl Ethologie des Primates, DEPE, (UMR 7178), CNRS – Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France; E-Mail: bernhard.voelkl@c-strasbourg.fr Received: 2 April 2010; in revised form: 30 April 2010 / Accepted: 4 May 2010 / Published: 6 May 2010 Abstract: I study the speed of the evolutionary process on small heterogeneous graphs using the Hawk-Dove game. The graphs are based on empirical observation data of grooming interactions in 81 primate groups. Analytic results for the star graph have revealed that irregular graphs can slow down the evolutionary process by increasing the mean time to absorption. Here I show that the same effects can be found for graphs representing natural animal populations which are much less heterogeneous than star graphs. Degree variance has proven to be a good predictor for the mean time to absorption also for these graphs. Keywords: evolutionary game theory; heterogeneity; games on graphs 1. Introduction Game theory was originally brought up by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern [1] to study economic behaviour and decision making in humans. In the 1970s game theory was adopted by biologists to make predictions about evolutionary processes [2-5]. In evolutio