association of betel nut with carcinogenesis revisit with a clinical perspective协会的槟榔与致癌作用重新审视与临床的视角.pdf

Association of Betel Nut with Carcinogenesis: Revisit with a Clinical Perspective 1 2 3 4 Rajeshwar N. Sharan *, Ravi Mehrotra , Yashmin Choudhury , Kamlesh Asotra 1 Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, 2 Division of Cytopathology, Center for Oral Cancer and Precancer, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 3 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India, 4 Ganeshiva Consultants, Los Angeles, California, United States of America Abstract Betel nut (BN), betel quid (BQ) and products derived from them are widely used as a socially endorsed masticatory product. The addictive nature of BN/BQ has resulted in its widespread usage making it the fourth most abused substance by humans. Progressively, several additives, including chewing tobacco, got added to simple BN preparations. This addictive practice has been shown to have strong etiological correlation with human susceptibility to cancer, particularly oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The PUBMED database was searched to retrieve all relevant published studies in English on BN and BQ, and its association with oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Only complete studies directly dealing with BN/BQ induced carcinogenesis using statistically valid and acceptable sample size were analyzed. Additional relevant information available from other sources was also considered. This systematic review attempts to put in perspective the consequences of this widespread habit of BN/BQ mastication, practiced by approximately 10% of the world population, on oral cancer with a clinical perspective. BN/BQ mastication seems to be significantly associated with