Analysis of safety functions and barriers in (分析安全功能和障碍).pdf
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Preprint version: Analysis of safety functions and barrier in accidents Safety Science 47 2009
Preprint version Safety Science 47 (2009) 353–363
Analysis of safety functions and barriers in accidents
Lars Harms-Ringdahl a, b
a) Institute for Risk Management and Safety Analysis, Bergsprängargränd 2A,
SE-116 35 Stockholm, Sweden
b) Karlstad University, Department of Public Health Sciences, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
e-mail: LHR@irisk.se
Abstract
A new method for accident investigations is presented. It is based on the concept of safety
function, which is defined as a technical or organisational function, a human action or a combi-
nation of these, that can reduce the probability and/or consequences of accidents and other
unwanted events in a system. An analysis starts with the identification of safety functions
related to the event. These are structured; an assessment is then made of whether they worked or
not, and finally safety improvements are proposed.
The method has been applied to five different incidents, coming from different types of work
sites, such as electrical power distribution, a railway, and hospitals. For each case, around 40
safety functions were identified, of which less than half had worked. It was found that technical,
organisational and human safety features existed side-by-side. The method supports a consistent
analysis of a variety of safety features, and can integrate them into a common format.
Each system contained formal and informal elements in parallel, often overlapping. This can be
seen as safety redundancy, which makes the safety system less vulnerable to change that
supports the preservation of safety. It might be more adequate to describe this as a safety web
rather than a distinct set of barriers, and there is also an analogy with the concept of safety
resilience.
Keywords
Accident analysis, Barrier, Incident analysis, Organisational factor, Resilience, Safety function
1 Intro
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