近代科学的启蒙者徐光启介绍（Xu Guangqi, a pioneer of modern science）.doc

近代科学的启蒙者徐光启介绍（Xu Guangqi, a pioneer of modern science） Xu Guangqi (1562 - 1633), son of the first word, Hu Xuan no.. Shanghai people. Late Ming Science Home. He was born poor businessman and landlord family, forced livelihoods, the father had to farm class Learn nursery, mother also spinning weaving, all engaged in agriculture, handicraft production. Xu Guangqi Since childhood, he not only received some practical education in production, but also often listened to his fathers ancestors talking about the coast The peoples Anti Japanese tales have gradually cultivated the practice of agriculture, handicrafts, weapons and so on Fun. In order to seek a way out, he also read four books, Five Classics, learn to do eight shares Wen, 20 years old, the Chinese scholar. After teaching, farming, and continue to engage in scientific examination, and even exams 6 times, only in Wanli twenty-five years (1597) in the first test of Shuntian juren. Along with the society The change in status, Xu Guangqi had the opportunity to meet celebrities, and in Nanjing he met China Italy missionary Matteo Ricci, the machinery, firearms, astronomy, the West. Count, chemistry, geography and other knowledge is very interesting, think practical value, can rich country strong The soldiers, so he continued to teach for Ricci, two people became friends. Wanli thirty-two years, Xu Guangqi finally admitted in the examination, selection for shujishi into the Imperial Academy Study。 When he was 42 years old, still unremitting self-improvement, studying astronomy, military science, agriculture, Water conservancy and technology learning, the main focus for scientific research, learning to use State effectiveness. Shujishi life 3 years after the end of the study, the Xu Guangqi Ren Hanlin Institute review. Soon after his father died, he returned to the south for 3 years. He continued his scientific research in his hometown Missionaries study western science and translate Western learning books. Xu Guangqi a