毕业设计论文石油工程输油管道的安全管理研究.doc

毕业设计（论文）--石油工程输油管道的安全管理研究 输油管道的安全管理研究 Pipeline Safety Management Research 前言 我国已建成油气管道4万多公里其中东部许多管道运行已接近或超过20年逐步进入后期事故多发阶段由于建设当时的技术经济条件所限设计施工水平材料缺陷多年运行的损伤等原因管道安全存在不少隐患近年来随着经济的快速发展城市及城镇建设厂矿及交通设施建设也日益频繁违章施工伤害管道违章建筑占压管道的事件增多第三方故意破坏引发的管道泄漏事故呈上升趋势更给管道系统的安全造成严重威胁2003年底在兰成渝成品油管道的广元段因打孔盗油造成汽油喷射泄漏的恶性事故就是典型的例子 由于上述原因我国油气管道事故率比发达国家要高很多倍据统计近30年来欧洲前苏联美国的输气管道事故率 单位次 千公里·年 分别为042046060总平均值大致为05我国四川地区12条输气管道的事故率为43西欧17国输油管道泄漏事故率2000年为025我国东北和华北地区输油管道运行以来粗略统计事故率要超过20 已建成的西气东输管道兰成渝成品油管道陕京输气管道及建设中的陕京二线大西南成品油管道和计划建设的西部原油成品油管道等都是大口径长距离高压力的大型管道系统是西部大开发的重点工程它们的安全运行对国民经济有重大意义这些管道经过沙漠高山通过湿陷性黄土区域及多条地震断裂带沿线地形地貌复杂地质灾害类型多频率高2004年投产的甬沪宁原油管道及建设中的沿江输油管道等都是建在人口及城镇最密集的华东沿海地区这些管道一旦泄漏或发生火灾爆炸事故将产生重大损失及恶劣影响当前形势下油气管道安全的重要性和紧迫性更为突出增强安全生产意识提高安全管理水平保障油气管道安全运营是摆在我国储运工程技术人员和管理人员面前的重要任务 关键词管道管理安全事故 ABSTRACT China has built more than 40000 km of oil and gas pipelines including many of the eastern pipeline running close to or over 20 years gradually entered the post-accident-prone stage Limited due to the construction of technical and economic conditions at that time the design construction level material defects many years of running injury and other reasons pipeline safety there are many hidden dangers In recent years with rapid economic development the construction of cities and towns factories mines and transportation facilities have become increasingly frequent and illegal construction damage the pipeline the increased incidence of illegal buildings to tie up the pipelineThe third-party intentional destruction of a pipeline spill caused by an upward trend a more serious threat to the safety of the pipeline system In Guangyuan segment of the Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing oil product pipeline by the end of 2003 is a typical example of the serious accident of gasoline injection leak caused by punching Stolen For these reasons Chinas oil and gas pipeline accident rate many times higher than in developed countries According to statistics nearly 30 years Europe former Soviet Union the