the emerging modern face of mood disorders a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions情绪障碍的新兴现代化面临着说教的编辑详细的数据和定义.pdf

Fountoulakis Annals of Gene ral Psychiatry 2010, 9:14 /content/9/1/14 R E V I E W Open Access Review The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions Konstantinos N Fountoulakis Abstract The present work represents a detailed description of ou r current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders, their comorbidity and overlap, and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is la rgely based on the Mood disorders chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry /wiki/Textbook_of_Psychiatry/Mood_Disorders. Background 11th centuries AD. In 1621, Robert Burton wrote the first The ancient Greeks Hippocrates (460 to 357 BC), Galen English language text, the Anatomy of Melancholy . Later, (131 to 201 AD) and Areteus from Kappadokia intro- the works of Jean-Philippe Esquirol (1772 to 1840), Ben- duced the terms melancholia and mania. Hippocrates jamin Rush (1745 to 1813), Henry Maudsley (1835 to was the first to describe melancholia, which is the Greek 1918), Jean-Pierre Falret (1794 to 1870) and Jules Gabriel word for black bile, and simultaneously postulated a bio- Francois Baillarger (1809 to 1890) finally established the chemical origin according to the scientific frame of that connection between depression and mania. Eventually, era, linking it to Saturn and the autumn. The term mania Emil Kraepelin (1856 to 1926) established manic depres- was used to describe a broad spectrum of excited psy- sive illness as