高级英语（第三版）第二册第十一课 four laws of ecology part i)_精品.ppt

Writing Styles The text is a combination of precise scientific writing and vivid language. The present tense used in its explanatory language shows a style of objectivity and simplicity. The author employs a unified logical structural style which first provides a topic sentence, usually definition, then analogy or examples to explain the topic sentence. Each definition is followed by abundant examples. Metaphor is frequently used in this text. Metaphor transfers unfamiliar concepts to familiar images so that readers can understand better the author’s intention. * 省级精品课程 《高级英语》第三版第二册 制作人：徐李洁 Lesson Eleven  Four Laws of Ecology (1) --Barry Commoner * Teaching Objectives To enable students to understand Commoner’s concepts of four laws of ecology. To familiarize students with vocabulary concerning ecosystem, environmental crisis and biological terms. To appreciate the writing style. * an American environmental scientist, also an author and a strong social activist. A member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Received his bachelor’s degree in zoology from Columbia University (1917) and his master’s and doctoral degrees from Harvard University (1941).? a professor of plant physiology at Washington University for 34 years. In 1966, he founded the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems to study the science of the total environment. ? In 1970 he received the International Humanist Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union. In 1980, he founded the Citizens Party to serve as a vehicle for his ecological message. He ran for President of the United States in the 1980 US Election, yet unsuccessful. He criticized Ronald Reagan and George Bush for regulating pollution and not presenting it.  Barry Commoner? (1917?– 2012) * Commoner’s Books In the 1950s, Commoner began to push for atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, thereby bringing himself i