AS Chemistry – Revision Notes Unit 3 – （化学-修订指出单元3 -）.pdf

AS-Level Revision Notes AS Chemistry – Revision Notes Unit 3 – Introduction To Organic Chemistry Nomenclature And Isomerism 1. There are two types of organic compounds: a. Aliphatic – has a functional group attached to an alkyl group. b. Aromatic – has a functional group attached to an aryl group (containing benzene). 2. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms which, when present in different molecules, causes them to have similar chemical properties. 3. Each functional group will have a homologous series, with the main carbon chain increasing by one carbon atom in each successive member (they differ by a CH unit): 2 Homologous Series Prefix / Suffix Functional Group Alkane -ane C – C Alkene -ene C = C Haloalkane halo- – Cl, – Br, – I Alcohol -ol, hydroxy- – OH Ether alkoxy- – O – Aldehyde -al Ketone -one, oxo- C = O Carboxylic acid -oic acid Amine amino-, -amine – NH2 Amide -amide Nitrile -nitrile – C N 4. There are three types of formula: a. Molecular – shows