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郭凤梅CVVH超滤率及滤过分数计算__培训课件.ppt

发布:2017-01-24约7.72千字共31页下载文档
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* Are there any questions before I move forward? The next section of the program discusses the transport mechanisms involved in CRRT’s different therapies. Let’s start by describing the filter that is used as our “temporary kidney”. The filter is constructed of an outer casing that contains ~ 8000 hollow fibers. Blood passes through those fibers much like soda through a straw. The dialysate, circulates around these hollow fibers and creates the diffusive gradient for solute removal. The blood and dialysate DO NOT MIX. They are always separated by the semipermeable membrane. Describe the slide. * To illustrate convection, we go back to the use of the cups. The cup now has a concentrated solution on one side of the semipermeable membrane. As fluid moves (by ultrafiltration), solutes small enough to pass through the pores of the membrane move along with the fluid. Change in blood concentration of a specific solute is dependent on the fluid volume removed. * 除了向观众征询治疗方案外,您还可以使用“案例数据库”方式来指导您的描述。 这张幻灯片展示了一个初始病例,能帮助您讲述“剂量计算器”中的不同部分。 通过本张幻灯片的内容引导观众,并阐明临床事项。 * 本张幻灯片证实了在前稀释CVVH中,稀释对溶质清除率的显著副作用。其基准是:后稀释CVVH,目标剂量为35 mL/hr/kg,血细胞比容为0.3,体重为75 kg,滤过分数约为0.3。后稀释CVVH的稀释因子被定义为1.0,表示没有因稀释造成的效率降低。因此,如前所述,在后稀释CVVH中,Quf等于尿素清除率(假设滤器操作是规范的)。因此,要达到35 mL/hr/kg的剂量(对于参数所示的75 kg的患者,相当于43.8 mL/min ),后稀释对Qb的要求是 208 mL/min。(基于0.30的血球压积,在这样的超滤速率下,后稀释的血流的滤过分数为0.3。因此,这就代表了治疗需要的最小的血流速率。) 另一方面,在Quf确定的情况下,如不考虑Qb,前稀释不能达到与后稀释相同的尿素清除率。因此,由于稀释现象,在前稀释中,超滤速率不等于尿素清除率。当Qb为150 ml/min时,稀释因子为0.77,这意味着Quf相同时,其效率比后稀释下降了23%。另一方面,Qb为300 mL/min时,效率的损失仅为13%。因此,当Qb增加时,前稀释的相对效果减少。 * 这是第二例病例。解释本张幻灯片的细节。 * 您再次输入治疗措施并解释效果 CVVH超滤率及滤过分数计算 郭凤梅 东南大学附属中大医院ICU 内 容 CVVH基本原理及概念 CVVH治疗剂量计算 Bouman CS et al. Effects of early high-volume CVVH on survival and recovery of renal function in IC patients with ARF. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2205 (n=106) Ronco C et al. Effects of different doses in CVVH on outcomes of ARF:A prospective RCT DOse REsponse M
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