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微观经济学 双语课件 第4章 消费者行为理论 CH4 Consumer Choice Theory.pptx

发布:2017-04-17约2.2千字共42页下载文档
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Consumer Choice Theory;Content;A story: 珍珠翡翠白玉汤;Thinking;4.1 Utility;;4.2 Cardinal Utility(基数效用);4.2.2 Total Utility and Marginal Utility;The Relationship between TU and MU (重要!总效用和边际效用的关系);4.2.3 Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility;4.2.4 Consumer Equilibrium (消费者均衡);Tow kinds of Goods;Example;Application: Finding the Demand Curve;;Exercise an Homework;3、已知消费者收入为100元,商品X的价格是10元,商品Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y,此时X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18,如要获得最大效用,他应该( ) A、停止购买 B、减少X的购买量,增加Y的购买量 C、增加X的购买量,减少Y的购买量 D、同时增加X和Y的购买量;;4.3 Ordinal Utility(序数效用);4.3.2 Indifference Curves (无差异曲线) Assumptions for preference (关于偏好的假设);Indifference Curve (无差异曲线) ;;Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) The rate at which a person will give up good Y (the good measured on the y-axis) to get more of good X (the good measured on the x-axis) and at the same time remain on the same indifference curve (在维持效用水平不变的前提下,消费者增加一单位商品X的消费量时所需放弃的商品Y的消费量) Absolute value of the slope of a certain point on the indifference curve (边际替代率是无差异曲线上某个点的斜率的绝对值);Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) An important relationship: Diminishing marginal rate of substitution (边际替代率递减) With a continuous increase in the quantity consumed of good X, the quantity of good Y that the consumer should give up to get one more unit of X is decreasing (remain on the same indifference curve) (在维持效用水平不变的前提下,随着商品X的消费量连续增加,消费者为得到每一单位的商品X所需要放弃的商品Y的消费量是递减的);;Changes in Prices;Prices remain the same Budget ↑,Budget Line → Budget ↓,Budget Line ←;4.3.4 Consumer Equilibrium (消费者均衡);4.3.5 Substitution Effects and Income Effects;4.3.5 Substitution Effects and Income Effects;5、替代效应和收入效应;Normal Goods;正常品的替代效应和收入效应;Inferior Goods;一般低档品的替代效应和收入效应;Giffen Goods;吉芬物品的替代效应和收入效应;Exercise Homework;3、无差异曲线上任一点的商品X和Y的边际替代率等于它们的( ) A、数量之比 B、边际效用之比 C、价格之比 D、边际成本之比 4、商品X和Y的价格以及消费者收入都按统一比率同方向变化,则预算线( ) A、向左下方平移 B、向右上方平移 C、向左下方或右上方平移 D、不移动 ;5、在消费均衡点以上的无差异曲线的斜率( ) A、大于预算线的斜率 B、小于预算线的斜率 C、等于预算线的斜率 D、以上三种均有可能 6、其他条件不变,某种商品(非吉芬商品)的价格下降,根据效用最大化原则,消费者会( )这
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