微观经济学消费者行为理论.ppt

4 4 4 4 32 54 42 43 44 38 40 46 42 47 42 48 42 49 42 50 12 54 42 55 42 55 42 55 42 55 42 55 42 55 42 55 42 50 12 54 42 61 42 65 42 75 76 78 81 81 84 92 4 4 7.1 市场需求曲线的形成 1 6 10 16 32 2 4 8 13 25 3 2 6 10 18 4 0 4 7 11 5 0 2 4 6 Price Individual A Individual B Individual C Market ($) (units) (units) (units) (units) 市场需求曲线的形成 Quantity 1 2 3 4 Price 0 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 DB DC Market Demand DA The market demand curve is obtained by summing the consumer’s demand curves 对美国小麦的需求是由国内需求和国外需求组成的 美国小麦的国内需求为 QDD = 1430 - 55P 美国小麦的国外需求为 QDE = 1470 - 70P 举例：美国小麦的总需求 举例：美国小麦的总需求 7.2 连带外部效应*（不要求） 是指一个消费者对商品的需求会随着其他消费者购买数量的变动而变动 连带外部效应可以为正，也可以为负 攀比效应为连带外部正效应——随其他消费者购买数量的增加而增加，使市场需求变得具有弹性 虚荣效应为连带外部负效应——随其他消费者购买数量的增加而减少，使市场需求变得缺乏弹性 图示：连带外部正效应(攀比效应) Quantity (thousands per month) Price ($ per unit) D20 20 40 When consumers believe more people have purchased the product, the demand curve shifts further to the right . D40 60 D60 80 D80 100 D100 纯粹价格效应 攀比效应 Demand 图示：连带外部正效应(攀比效应) Quantity (thousands per month) Price ($ per unit) D20 20 40 60 80 100 D40 D60 D80 D100 The market demand curve is found by joining the points on the individual demand curves. It is relatively more elastic. 图示：连带外部负效应(虚荣效应) Quantity (thousands per month) Price ($ per unit) Demand 2 D2 $30,000 $15,000 14 Pure Price Effect Originally demand is D2, when consumers think 2000 people have bought a good. 4 6 8 D4 D6 D8 However, if consumers think 4,000 people have bought the good, demand shifts from D2 to D6 and its snob value has been reduced. 图示：连带外部负效应(虚荣效应) Quantity (thousands per month) 2 4 6 8 The demand is less elastic and as a snob good its value is greatly reduced if more people own it. Sales decrease as a result. Price ($ per unit) D2 $30,000 $15,000 14 D4 D6 D8 Demand Pure Price Effect Snob Effect Net Effect End of Chapter 3 消费者行为理论 1 2 2 2 103 103 边际分析方法是经济学中最基本的分析方法之一；一般含义是表示一单位的自变量的变化量所引起的因变量的变化量 边际分析方法是经济学中最基本的分析方法之一；一般含义是表示一单位的自变量的变化量所引起的因变量的变化量 边际分析方法是经济学中最基本的分析方法之一；一般含