词汇学重要知识点.doc

Unit One What is Lexicology? Lexicology It is a branch of linguistics dealing with the vocabulary of a language and the properties of words as the main units of language. Word It is the basic unit of speech and minimal free form which has a given sound and meaning and grammatical function. The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to this cluster of sounds for such an animal. 分类 Words may fall into basic word stock and non-basic by use frequency; content words and functional words by notion, native words or borrowed words by origin. Basic words stable and indispensable characteristics 1 All national character:.2 Stability: 3 Productivity. 4 Polysemy: 5 collocability . Non-basic words：Terminology术语 Slang俚语 Jargon行话Argot 隐语 Dialectal words方言 Archaisms古词 Neologisms新词 functional words , like :prep. conj. Auxilaries and articles … They don’t have notion of their own. Content (notional) words constitute the main body of English vocabulary. They are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. Native words: Anglo-Saxon words, small in number, the core of the language, neutral in style, frequent in use. Borrowed words: are words taken over from other languages e.g. chaos, dogma, drama, pneumonia ---Greek. hymn, pope, martyr, monk, anthem, shrine, creed –old E Cradle, bald, slogan, flannel, down ---- Celtic Balcony, corridor, attack, cannon, opera---Italy vocabulary ---all the words in a language together, all items in a dictionary. 5. Exercises: 1) Which of the following is not true? A a. A word is the smallest form of a language. b. A word is a sound unity. c. A word has a given meaning. d. A word can be used freely in a sentence. 2) The differences between sound and form are due to D a. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English b. stabilization of spelling by printing c. influence of the work of scribes d. innovations made