2025年英语词汇学核心知识点深度解析与复习攻略.docx
詞汇期末复习(C1-C7)
Chapter1
Word詞的定义
aminimalfreeform(最小的自由形式)
asoundunity
asemanticunity(meaning)
aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.(具有句法功能)
Vocabulary詞汇的定义
Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupwhatisgenerallyknownasvocabulary.
一般来說,詞汇指的是一种語言里所有单詞的总和。
詞的总和构成語言的詞汇。詞与詞汇之间的关系是个体与总体之间的关系。
SoundMeaning发音和意义
Theconnectionbetweenthesound(form)andmeaningisarbitrary(任意的)andconventional.
两者的关系是约定俗成、随意的
SoundForm发音和形式
Thewrittenformofanaturallanguageistheorthographical(正字的)recordoftheoralform.
自然語言的书写形式是口語形式的书写记录。
Thereasonsofdifferencesoccurbetweensoundandform:发音与形式不一样的原因:
EnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans英語字母表来自罗馬
thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears.发音变化迅速
Differencescreatedbyprofessionalscribes.专业抄写员的不一样
Moredifferencesbroughtbythecontinuingchangeofsoundsandthestandardizationofspelling.发音不停变化,书写原则化。
borrowing:wordswereborrowedfromotherlanguagessuchasLatin,Greek,French,etc.外来詞
ClassificationofWords詞的分类
BasicNon-basicVocabulary
BasicWords
Thebasicvocabularyhasthefollowingcharacteristics:基本詞汇特点:
1.Allnationalcharacter全民性(indispensabletoallthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage).
2.Stability稳定性(relativelystableorunchanged)
3.Productivity多产性(formnewwordsincombinationwithotherrootsandaffixes)
4.Polysemy多义性
5.Collocability搭配性
Non-basicWords
Non-basicvocabulary:terminology,jargon,slang,argot,dialectalwords,archaisms,neologisms.
非基本詞包括:专业术語、行话、俚語、黑话、方言、古語、新詞。
ContentWordsFunctionalWords
ContentWords/Fullwords/Nationalwords:
Theydenoteclearnotions.可以体現清晰的含义
②Functionalwords/Emptywords/Formwords:
Theyshowtherelationbetweennotions.显示了与概念之间的关系
NativeWordsBorrowedWords
NativeWords:
Anglo-SaxonwordsbroughtbytheGermanictribessuchasAngles,SaxonsandtheJutes.
BorrowedWords:
loanwordsorborrowings.Englishhasadoptedalmostallthemajorlanguagesintheworld.It