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2025年英语词汇学核心知识点深度解析与复习攻略.docx

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詞汇期末复习(C1-C7)

Chapter1

Word詞的定义

aminimalfreeform(最小的自由形式)

asoundunity

asemanticunity(meaning)

aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence.(具有句法功能)

Vocabulary詞汇的定义

Allthewordsinalanguagemakeupwhatisgenerallyknownasvocabulary.

一般来說,詞汇指的是一种語言里所有单詞的总和。

詞的总和构成語言的詞汇。詞与詞汇之间的关系是个体与总体之间的关系。

SoundMeaning发音和意义

Theconnectionbetweenthesound(form)andmeaningisarbitrary(任意的)andconventional.

两者的关系是约定俗成、随意的

SoundForm发音和形式

Thewrittenformofanaturallanguageistheorthographical(正字的)recordoftheoralform.

自然語言的书写形式是口語形式的书写记录。

Thereasonsofdifferencesoccurbetweensoundandform:发音与形式不一样的原因:

EnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans英語字母表来自罗馬

thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears.发音变化迅速

Differencescreatedbyprofessionalscribes.专业抄写员的不一样

Moredifferencesbroughtbythecontinuingchangeofsoundsandthestandardizationofspelling.发音不停变化,书写原则化。

borrowing:wordswereborrowedfromotherlanguagessuchasLatin,Greek,French,etc.外来詞

ClassificationofWords詞的分类

BasicNon-basicVocabulary

BasicWords

Thebasicvocabularyhasthefollowingcharacteristics:基本詞汇特点:

1.Allnationalcharacter全民性(indispensabletoallthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage).

2.Stability稳定性(relativelystableorunchanged)

3.Productivity多产性(formnewwordsincombinationwithotherrootsandaffixes)

4.Polysemy多义性

5.Collocability搭配性

Non-basicWords

Non-basicvocabulary:terminology,jargon,slang,argot,dialectalwords,archaisms,neologisms.

非基本詞包括:专业术語、行话、俚語、黑话、方言、古語、新詞。

ContentWordsFunctionalWords

ContentWords/Fullwords/Nationalwords:

Theydenoteclearnotions.可以体現清晰的含义

②Functionalwords/Emptywords/Formwords:

Theyshowtherelationbetweennotions.显示了与概念之间的关系

NativeWordsBorrowedWords

NativeWords:

Anglo-SaxonwordsbroughtbytheGermanictribessuchasAngles,SaxonsandtheJutes.

BorrowedWords:

loanwordsorborrowings.Englishhasadoptedalmostallthemajorlanguagesintheworld.It

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