THE STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY John Wiley （产业结构的约翰·威利）.pdf

TCHC01 6/22/07 02:16 PM Page 11 PART I THE STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY TCHC01 6/22/07 02:16 PM Page 12 TCHC01 6/22/07 02:16 PM Page 13 CHAPTER 1 THE STUDIO SYSTEM AND CONGLOMERATE HOLLYWOOD TOM SCHATZ Introduction In August 1995 Neal Gabler, an astute Hollywood observer, wrote an op-ed piece for The New York Times entitled “Revenge of the Studio System” in response to recent events that, in his view, signaled an industry-wide transformation (Gabler 1995). The previous year had seen the Seagram buyout of MCA-Universal, Time Warner’s purchase of the massive Turner Broadcasting System, and the launch of Dream- Works, the first new movie studio since the classical era. Then on August 1 came the bombshell that provoked Gabler’s editorial. Disney announced the acquisition of ABC and its parent conglomerate, Cap Cities, in a $19 billion deal – the second- largest merger in US history, which created the world’s largest media company. Disney CEO Michael Eisner also disclosed a quarter-billion-dollar deal with Mike Ovitz of Hollywood’s top talent agency, Creative Artists, to leave CAA and run the Disney empire. For Gabler, the Disney deals confirmed “a fundamental shift in the balance of power in Hollywood – really the third revolution in the relationship between industry forces.” Revolution I occurred nearly