the case of the lacking carbonates and the emergence of early life on mars的情况下缺乏碳酸盐和早期生活在火星上的出现.pdf

Sustainability 2010, 2, 2541-2554; doi:10.3390/su2082541 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Article The Case of the Lacking Carbonates and the Emergence of Early Life on Mars David Carlos Fernández-Remolar 1,*, Mónica Sánchez-Román 1 and Ricardo Amils 1,2 1 Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Ctra Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: msanz78@ 2 Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: ramils@cbm.uam.es * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: fernandezrd@inta.es; Tel.: +34-915206429; Fax: +34-915201074. Received: 2 July 2010; in revised form: 22 July 2010 / Accepted: 27 July 2010 / Published: 5 August 2010 Abstract: The mineralogical characterization of Mars by different exploration missions, provides a new image of the earliest conditions that prevailed on the planet surface. The detection of extensive deposits of phyllosillicates has been considered to be as a result of the production of hydrated silicates through alteration and precipitation under neutral to sub-alkaline conditions. Although extensive deposits of carbonates should precipitate beneath a thick CO -bearing atmosphere, only a few outcrops of Mg-rich carbonates have 2 been detected on Mars. Paradoxically those carbonates occur in association with geological units exposed to acidic paleo