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基于视觉和力传感器融合的机器人反馈控制-机械工程专业论文.docx

发布:2019-03-25约5.88万字共71页下载文档
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万方数据 万方数据 摘要 基于视觉和力传感器融合的机器人反馈控制 摘 要 在控制系统中,提高工业机器人灵活性的方法是集成众多的传感器。近年来,基于 视觉的控制倍受关注,摄相机也成为视觉传感器之一。然而,由于存在过大接触力的风 险,大部分操作任务不能单独使用位置控制来实现。因此,基于视觉的位置控制与力反 馈相结合越来越受到众多学者的关注。 本文涉及的反馈控制使用两种不同类型的传感器,即力传感器和摄相机。机器人执 行的许多任务都必须遵从不能损坏工件的原则,对于机器人系统来说,若工作在未知或 者未标定的环境中,力感知和视觉拥有最强的传感能力。本文概述了基于视觉的估计、 控制和视觉/力控制。 对于混合的力/视觉控制结构,本文提出了两种不同的控制算法,分别是基于图像的 视觉伺服和基于位置的视觉伺服。基于图像的技术适合于在未标定的环境下简单地接触 几何体,其中,定位任务就很自然的联系到图像空间内相对可见的结构。基于位置的技 术可以处理更复杂的运动,但需要有关环境的详细信息。对于在任务空间的线性动力学 过程,基于边缘的视觉估计技术可以用来设计一个具有线性误差动态的观测器,避免了 使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器带来的高度计算的复杂性。 本文用实验和仿真证明了所提方法的有效性。 关键词:机器人视觉;视觉伺服;视觉/力混合控制 I 万方数据 万方数据 ABSTRACT ROBOT FEEDBACK CONTROL BASED ON SENSOR FUSION OF VISION AND FORCE ABSTRACT One way to increase the flexibility of industrial robots in manipulation tasks is to integrate additional sensors in the control systems. Cameras are an example of such sensors, and in recent years there has been an increased interest in vision based control. However, it is clear that most manipulation tasks can not be solved using position control alone, because of the risk of excessive contact forces. Therefore, it would be interesting to combine vision based position control with force feedback. This thesis deals with feedback control using two different sensor types, force sensors and cameras. In many tasks in robotics compliance is required in order to avoid damage to the workpiece. Force and vision are the most useful sensing capabilities for a robot system operating in an unknown or uncalibrated environment. An overview of vision based estimation, control and vision/force control is given. Two different control algorithms based on a hybrid force/vision structure are presented, using image-based and position-based visual servoing, respectively. The image-based technique is suitable in situations with simple contact geometry in uncalibrated environments, and in situations where the positioning task is naturally specified relative to some visible structure in image space. The position-based technique can handle more comp
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