罗宾斯管理学英文版课件.ppt

Chapter2ManagementYesterdayandToday

HistoricalBackgroundofManagement(ManagementTheories:)ClassicalPerspectivesQuantitativeApproachOrganizationalBehaviorSystemApproachContingencyApproach

HistoricalBackgroundofManagement--earlyexamplesofmanagement--AdamSmith--industrialrevolution

DivisionofLabor

(JobSpecialization)Thebreakdownofjobsintonarrowandrepetitivetasks.

IndustrialRevolution

Thesubstitutionofmachinepower,whichmadeitmoreeconomicaltomanufacturegoodsinfactoriesratherthanathome.

ClassicalPerspectives--ScientificManagementFrederickW.TaylorFrankandLillianGilbreth--GeneralAdministrativeTheoristsHenriFayolMaxWeber

ScientificManagementUsingthescientificmethodtodeterminethe“onebestway”forajobtobedone.

Taylor’sFourPrinciplesofManagement

1.Developascienceforeachelementofanindividual’swork,whichwillreplacetheoldrule-of-thumbmethod.

2.Scientificallyselectandthentrain,teach,anddeveloptheworker.

3.Heartilycooperatewiththeworkerssoastoensurethatallworkisdoneinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthesciencethathasbeendeveloped.

%4.Divideworkandresponsibilityalmostequallybetweenmanagersandworkers.

Contributions+Demonstratestheimportanceofcompensationforperformance+Initiatesthecarefulstudyoftasksandjobs+Demonstratestheimportanceofpersonnelselectionandtraining

CriticismsDoesnotappreciatethesocialcontextofworkandhigherneedsofworkersDoesnotacknowledgevarianceamongindividualsTendstoregardworkersasuniformandignoretheirideasandsuggestions

GeneralAdministrativeTheoryAtheorythatfocusedondescribingwhatmanagersdoandwhatconstitutesgoodmanagementpractices.

HenriFayolMaxWeber

Fayol’sManagementFunctionsplanningorganizingcommandingcoordinatingcontrolling

Fayol’s14PrinciplesofManagementDivisionofworkAuthorityDisciplineUnityof