十四、翻译技巧长句的翻译.doc
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Translation of Long Sentences
I. Teaching contents
1. Review and comments on the assignments
2. Translation of long sentences
3. Summary
4. Assignments
5. References for further reading
II. Aims of teaching
To make students know about the techniques of translation and especially to grasp translation of long sentences
III. Teaching Focus
分译法重新组合译法
IV. Teaching procedures
Step One: Review and comments on the assignments
A. Translation of Attributive Clauses
1) 译成前置定语(合译法)
2) 译成并列分句(分译法)
3) 混合译法
4) 译成状语从句
5) 特种定语从句的翻译
B. Translation of Adverbial Clauses
1) 前置译法
2) 后置译法
3) 译成分句
Step Two: Translation of long sentences
英汉两种语言句式结构不同, 汉语重意合, 而英语重形合, 句子往往比较长。这是因为在英语句子中修饰成分和并列成分较多, 而且各种短语或从句充当句子成分, 从而形成枝杈横生的“参天大树”。翻译长句时,首先要通过句法分析弄清原句的基本结构, 判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句, 并找出句子的主要成分。还要进一步弄清主要成分和修饰成分之间的种种关系,迹象表明判断各修饰成分的归属以及句中代词所指代的对象。 在正确分析和理解原文的基础上, 翻译时还要注意运用恰当的汉语表达手段使译文通顺、达意。翻译长句时一般使用下面几种方法:
A. 顺译法
汉语的表达习惯是多用小句子, 多用较短的前置修饰语, 词语相对稳定并通常按时间顺序或逻辑顺序来安排词语和句子的先后位置。因此, 在翻译英语长句时通常可采用“断句”和“变序”的方法。如果原文所叙述的一连串动作基本上按动作发生的时间先后安排或原句的内容按逻辑关系安排时,翻译时则可按照原文顺序译出。例如:
Four scores and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
87年前, 我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家, 它以自由为立国之本, 奉行所有人生来平等的原则。
The statement declared that the international order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.
声明宣称国际经济秩序必须改变, 否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。
Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through practical work.
历来只有真正老实劳动者, 才懂得劳动生产财富的道理, 才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想, 而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动, 为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。
4. 一定要言行一致, 理论与实践密切结合, 反对华而不实和任何虚夸, 少说空话, 多做工作, 扎扎实实, 埋头苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must re
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