土木工程专业英语 第一单元PPT.ppt

土木工程专业英语; ;Lesson 1 Civil Engineering土木工程;Civil engineering; They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，commercial, or residential use． 他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、水渠、高楼大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。 In addition，civil engineers plan，design，and build complete cities and towns，and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities． space platform=space station 空间站，宇宙站 self-contained （1）沉默寡言的（2）设备齐全的 （3）（社会团体等）独立的 此外，土木工程师规划、设计和修建整个城市和乡镇，最近已经开始规划和设计空间站以容纳独立的团体。 ; The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen． “土木”这个词是从拉丁语“citizen”派生而来。 In 1782，Englishman John Smeaton 斯米顿used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time． 1782年，英国人John Smeaton 用这个术语来区分他的非军事工程项目和当时占统治地位的军事工程师的工程项目。 Since then，the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities，although the field is much broader． 从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。; Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties． 因为土木工程的范围太广，所以它被细分为许多技术专业。 Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed． 根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种技能。 When a project项目 begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate布置 utility placement安置--water，sewer，and power lines． 当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图，他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。 Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project． 岩土工程专家要做土壤实验以确定该土是否能承受这项工程的重量。; Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area：the potential for air and groundwater pollution，the project’s